Do you ever have an urge that you couldn’t resist? Maybe you’re out shopping when you see an adorable dress at half price. Or maybe you watched the ending of the anime AnoHana and couldn’t resist the urge to cry. We’re all human, so we all have moments like that. Well, now you’ll be able to express that feeling in Japanese!
Using 〜ずにはいられない (zu ni wa irarenai)
When you can’t help but do something , you can add to the end of a verb, 〜ずにはいられない(〜zu ni wa irarenai). This phrase isn’t that common in everyday conversations, but it’s covered in the JLPT N3.
<verb> + ずにはいられない
<verb> + zu ni wa irarenai
I couldn’t help but <verb>
ピカチュウのぬいぐるみを見ると、買わずにはいられない。
PIkachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, kawazu ni wa irarenai.
Whenever I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.
* In this case, と(to) is used for cause-and-effect. You can learn more in this video.
That’s quite a mouthful, but it’s actually a combination of two phrases: ずに and いられない.
ずに means the same as ないで(nai de, without doing〜).
はさみを使わないで切る。
Hasami wo tsukawanai de kiru.
はさみを使わずに切る。
Hasami wo tsukawazu ni kiru.
I cut it without using scissors.
買わないで(kawanai) = 買わず(kawazu = not buy
As for いられない(irarenai), いる(iru) means “to be” or “to exist”, and いられない is the negative potential form. So when you use 〜ずにはいられない, you are actually saying “I cannot be myself without…”
いる→いられる→いられない
Iru → irareru → irarenai
to exist → can exist → cannot exist
みんなは買わずにはいられないものはありますか。
Minna wa kawazu ni wa irarenai mono wa arimasu ka.
Is there anything that you guys can’t help but buy?
アップルパイを見ると買わずにはいられない。
Appuru pai wo miru to kawazu ni wa irarenai.
When I see an apple pie, I can’t help but buy it.
アップルパイを見ると食べずにはいられない。
Appuru pai wo miru to tabezu ni wa irarenai.
When I see an apple pie, I can’t help but eat it.
Adding ず(zu) to Verbs
When you add ず to a verb, first change the end of the verb as if you are adding ない.
- For verbs that end with “-eru” or “-iru”, remove the “ru”, and add ずにはいられない.
- For other verbs, replace the “u” with “a”, and add ずにはいられない.
食べる → 食べない → 食べずにはいられない
taberu → tabenai → tabezuni wa irarenai
行く → 行かない → 行かずにはいられない
iku → ikanai → ikazuni wa irarenai
買う → 買わない → 買わずにはいられない
kau → kawanai → kawazu ni wa irarenai
する(suru, to do) is a special case. When you add ず, する becomes せず, not しず.
する → しない → せずにはいられない
suru → shinai → sezuni wa irarenai
to do → don’t do → can’t help but do
心配する → 心配せずにはいられない
shinpai suru → shinpai sezu ni wa irarenai
to worry → can’t help but worry
緊張する → 緊張せずにはいられない
kinchou suru → kinchou sezu ni wa irarenai
to be nervous → can’t help but be nervous
Using いられない with て and と
When you want to say “because”, you usually use the particle から(kara). However, when you want to talk about emotions, it is more natural to use て(te).
負けて悔しい。
Makete kuyashii.
I feel frustrated because I lost.
人がたくさんいて、緊張せずにはいられない。
HIto ga takusan ite, kinchou sezu ni wa irarenai.
I can’t help but feel nervous because there are a lot of people.
When you want to talk in the past tense, just change いられない to the past tense, いられなかった.
ストレスが溜まっていて、飲まずにはいられなかった。
Sutoresu ga tamatteite, nomazu ni wa irarenakatta.
I couldn’t help but drink because I was stressed.
飲む → 飲まない → 飲まずにはいられなかった
nomu → nomanai → nomazu ni wa irarenakatta
to drink → won’t drink → couldn’t help but drink
It’s quite a mouthful, but once you practice, you’ll get used to it.
笑う → 笑わない → 笑わずにはいられなかった
warau → warawanai → warawazu ni wa irarenakatta
to laugh → won’t laugh → couldn’t help but laugh
会議中だったけど、部長がおならをして笑わずにはいられなかった。
Kaigi chuu datta kedo, buchou ga onara wo shite warawazu ni wa irarenakatta.
Although we were in a meeting, I couldn’t help but laugh because my manager farted.
部長に怒鳴られて、泣かずにはいられなかった。
Buchou ni donararete, nakazu ni wa irarenakatta.
I couldn’t help crying because I was yelled at by my manager.
怒鳴る(donaru) = to yell
泣く(naku) = to cry
Along with て, you can use ずにはいられない with と(to). Remember that と is used for cause and effect whenever one thing always leads to another.
この曲を聞くと踊らずにはいられない。
Kono kyoku wo kiku to odorazu ni wa irarenai.
Whenever I hear this song, I can’t help but dance.
聞くと踊らずにはいられない曲はなんですか。
Kiku to odorazu ni wa irarenai kyoku wa nan desu ka.
What song makes you dance when you listen to it?
さとし君は頭もいいし、かっこいいし、運動も得意だし嫉妬せずにはいられない。
Satoshi-kun wa atama mo iishi, kakko iishi, undou mo tokui dashi shitto sezu ni wa irarenai.
(Because) Satoshi is smart, handsome, and athletic, I can’t help but feel jealous.
運動 (undou) = exercise, sports
〜が得意 (〜ga tokui) = is skilled at 〜
嫉妬する (shitto suru) = to be jealous
困っている人を見ると、助けずにはいられない。
Komatteiru hito wo miru to, tasukezu ni wa irarenai.
When I see people in need, I can’t help but help them.
好きだから、からかわずにはいられないの。
Suki dakara, karakawazu ni wa irarenai no.
I can’t help but tease you because I like you.
Using つい and ちゃう
In many cases, you can use つい(tsui), ちゃう(-chau), and てしまう(-te shimau) with ずにはいられない.
つい(tsui) = accidentally
ちゃう and しまう are used after a verb when you do something you regret or do something unintentionally.
To add ちゃう or しまう to a verb, first change the verb to its -te form.
買う → 買って → 買っちゃう
kau → katte → kacchau
買う → 買って → 買ってしまう
kau → katte → katte shimau
掻く → 掻いて → 掻いちゃう
kaku→kaite→kaichau
掻く → 掻いて → 掻いてしまう
kaku→kaite→kaite shimau
好きだからついからかっちゃう の/んだ。
Suki dakara tsui karakacchau no/nda.
I can’t help but tease you because I like you.
からかう(karakau) = to tease
* You use の or んだ at the end of a sentence when you explain something. You can learn more about it in this video.
In many cases, you can replace ずにはいられない with ちゃう or しまう.
つい買っちゃう。
Tsui kacchau.
I can’t help but buy / I end up buying.
ピカチュウのぬいぐるみを見ると、つい買っちゃう。
Pikachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, tsui kacchau.
When I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.
You can also use つい by itself, and the listener will understand you from the context.
A:またピカチュウのぬいぐるみ買ったの?
B:つい…
A: Mata Pikachuu no nuigurumi katta no?
B: Tsui…
A: Did you buy a Pikachu plushie again?
B: I couldn’t help it…
You can also replace つい with どうしても(doushite mo, no matter what). However, unlike つい, you can’t use どうしても by itself.
ピカチュウのぬいぐるみを見ると、どうしても買っちゃう。
Pikachuu no nuigurumi wo miru to, doushite mo kacchau.
When I see Pikachu plushies, I can’t help but buy one.
つい has an innocent connotation, like you’re saying “Oops!” while どうしても is slightly more serious, like you can’t control yourself and have a problem.
どうしてもタバコがやめられない。
Doushite mo tabako ga yamerarenai.
I just can’t quit smoking.
かゆくてどうしても掻いちゃう。
Kayukute doushite mo kaichau.
I can’t help but scratch because it’s itchy.
Now, let’s rephrase the sentence above using いられない and with つい.
かゆくて、掻かずにはいられない。
Kayukute, kakazu ni wa irarenai.
I can’t help but scratch because it’s itchy.
かゆくて、つい掻いちゃう。
Kayukute, tsui kaichau.
I scratch unintentionally because it’s itchy.
Let’s sum up the ways you can use ずにはいられない:
- Add ずにはいられない to a verb to say you can’t help but do something.
- When you want to show cause-and-effect, use ずにはいられない with と or て.
- To show you did it without thinking, use つい.
- To show you can’t control yourself, use どうしても.
- To show regret, use ちゃう or しまう.
Thanks for reading until the end! ずにはいられない might be hard to say, but try using it by yourself and keep practicing, and you’ll get the hang of it.
Amazing lesson and can’t wait for more grammar and pronunciations Arigato gozaimasu Misa sensei .💐